Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Approach for Determination of Water Saturation using Archies Formula in Carbonate Reservoirs
An
accurate determination of initial oil in place in the early life of reservoirs
or an evaluation of a developed reservoir is required to well estimate the
water saturation. The accuracy of water saturation value for given reservoir
conditions depends on the accuracy of Archie parameters a, m and n. Uncertainty
in these coefficients causes many errors in saturation evaluation especially in
the carbonate reservoir. Archie equations are the basic relations for
evaluating rock saturation. The coefficients of these equations are determined
by laboratory experiments.
Pirson established a scale indicating the degree of cementation using m values Amin observed the Archie factor (m) varies over a wide range in the carbonate reservoirs of the Middle East. Focke and Munn found out that cementation parameter is a function of the rock lithology and it varies significantly in carbonate rock. Borai noted that Archie’s relationship with cementation factor of m=2 is applicable for formations with medium to high porosit. Wang developed an empirical correlation for carbonate rocks between formation factor and porosity, permeability and porosity, permeability and residual water saturation, saturation exponent and residual water saturation, sonic velocities porosity and formation factor. Harris obtained a relation
ship between the porosity
and the cementation exponent for a particular zone
Talia performed a series of experiments in order to derive the correct form of the Archie’s Equation that can be applied to carbonate rock. Tabib M Emadi explained a new method of achieving variable m using the most effective reservoir parameters for any arbitrary interval of reservoir. Fleury presented an extensive laboratory study to determine initial water saturation as well as remaining oil in water flooded regions in a carbonate field. Knackstedt presented results of a 3D pore scale study of the resistivity properties in twelve model and reservoir core samples.
Pirson established a scale indicating the degree of cementation using m values Amin observed the Archie factor (m) varies over a wide range in the carbonate reservoirs of the Middle East. Focke and Munn found out that cementation parameter is a function of the rock lithology and it varies significantly in carbonate rock. Borai noted that Archie’s relationship with cementation factor of m=2 is applicable for formations with medium to high porosit. Wang developed an empirical correlation for carbonate rocks between formation factor and porosity, permeability and porosity, permeability and residual water saturation, saturation exponent and residual water saturation, sonic velocities porosity and formation factor. Harris obtained a relation
Talia performed a series of experiments in order to derive the correct form of the Archie’s Equation that can be applied to carbonate rock. Tabib M Emadi explained a new method of achieving variable m using the most effective reservoir parameters for any arbitrary interval of reservoir. Fleury presented an extensive laboratory study to determine initial water saturation as well as remaining oil in water flooded regions in a carbonate field. Knackstedt presented results of a 3D pore scale study of the resistivity properties in twelve model and reservoir core samples.
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